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join.1
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JOIN(1L) MISC. REFERENCE MANUAL PAGES JOIN(1L)
NAME
join - join lines of two files on a common field
SYNOPSIS
join [-a 1|2] [-v 1|2] [-e empty-string] [-o field-list...]
[-t char] [-j[1|2] field] [-1 field] [-2 field] file1 file2
DESCRIPTION
This manual page documents the GNU version of join. join
prints to the standard output a line for each pair of input
lines, one each from _f_i_l_e_1 and _f_i_l_e_2, that have identical
join fields. Either filename (but not both) can be `-',
meaning the standard input. _f_i_l_e_1 and _f_i_l_e_2 should be
already sorted in increasing order (not numerically) on the
join fields; unless the -_t option is given, they should be
sorted ignoring blanks at the start of the line, as sort
does when given the -_b option.
The defaults are: the join field is the first field in each
line; fields in the input are separated by one or more
blanks, with leading blanks on the line ignored; fields in
the output are separated by a space; each output line con-
sists of the join field, the remaining fields from _f_i_l_e_1,
then the remaining fields from _f_i_l_e_2.
OPTIONS
-_a _f_i_l_e-_n_u_m_b_e_r
Print a line for each unpairable line in file _f_i_l_e-
_n_u_m_b_e_r (either 1 or 2), in addition to the normal out-
put.
-_e _s_t_r_i_n_g
Replace empty output fields (those that are missing in
the input) with _s_t_r_i_n_g.
-_1, -_j_1 _f_i_e_l_d
Join on field _f_i_e_l_d (a positive integer) of file 1.
-_2, -_j_2 _f_i_e_l_d
Join on field _f_i_e_l_d (a positive integer) of file 2.
-_j _f_i_e_l_d
Equivalent to -_1 _f_i_e_l_d -_2 _f_i_e_l_d.
-_o _f_i_e_l_d-_l_i_s_t...
Construct each output line according to the format in
_f_i_e_l_d-_l_i_s_t. Each element in _f_i_e_l_d-_l_i_s_t consists of a
file number (either 1 or 2), a period, and a field
number (a positive integer). The elements in the list
are separated by commas or blanks. Multiple _f_i_e_l_d-_l_i_s_t
arguments can be given after a single -_o option; the
values of all lists given with -_o are concatenated
Sun Release 4.1 Last change: 1
JOIN(1L) MISC. REFERENCE MANUAL PAGES JOIN(1L)
together.
-_t _c_h_a_r
Use character _c_h_a_r as the input and output field
separator.
-_v _f_i_l_e-_n_u_m_b_e_r
Print a line for each unpairable line in file _f_i_l_e-
_n_u_m_b_e_r (either 1 or 2), instead of the normal output.
The long-named options can be introduced with `+' as well as
`--', for compatibility with previous releases. Eventually
support for `+' will be removed, because it is incompatible
with the POSIX.2 standard.
Sun Release 4.1 Last change: 2